Hlonipha i-life boy (Respect life boy)
Hlonipha impilo boy (Respect life boy)
Hlonipha bonke abantu (Respect all people)
Ukuze iinsuka zande ezweni (So your days will be long on this land)

— (Lyrics from Mandoza’s “Respect Life”)

In the 1990s the South African music industry was taken aback by a new sound that drew from international house yet situated its attitude and forms of expression in the newly liberated black youth. Quickly rising in popularity, by the late 1990s kwaito had become the second highest selling music genre in South Africa.

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BAR Book Forum: Xavier Livermon’s “Kwaito Bodies”

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Dr. Xavier Livermon: Examining LGBT Life in Sub-Saharan Africa